這是 達醫(yī)曉護 的第 3190 篇文章

新生寶寶日常需要主要來自三方面：睡眠、喂養(yǎng)，和玩耍。新手爸媽們可以通過應該注意寶寶的暗示和身體語言來了解寶寶在想什么、需要你們做什么。順應寶寶的需要給可以給寶寶帶來安全感并增進你們的親子紐帶關(guān)系。

大多數(shù)新生寶寶會花大部分時間睡覺 – 平均每天要睡 16 個小時左右。他們的睡覺時間都相對較短，在兩次喂奶之間睡 2-3 個小時就會醒來，不管是白天還是晚上。而且，新生寶寶每隔 2-4 個小時就需要喂奶，所以他們都需要你密集的關(guān)注。

寶寶出生后頭幾個月是爸爸媽媽熟悉自家你寶寶的主要時間，包括寶寶在睡眠、喂養(yǎng)、玩耍和安撫等方面的需要。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個非常簡單、靈活的日常作息似乎更適合寶寶的需要，同時你也比較能控制。這時不需要考慮怎樣讓寶寶接受某種固定的刻板的日常作息。

讓寶寶主導日常的睡眠、喂養(yǎng)和玩耍的作息規(guī)律

主要原則是靈活而且要順應寶寶的提示。寶寶會給出各種提示，讓爸爸媽媽知道他是否要睡覺眠、吃奶或和你玩 – 當下感覺怎么對就怎么去做。只要你和寶寶都能接受，也可以試著按相似的規(guī)律順序做事。比如，你可以嘗試簡單喂養(yǎng)、玩耍和睡眠的日常作息。就像這樣：

1. 當寶寶醒來時給他喂奶。

2. 給寶寶換尿布。

3. 和寶寶說話、玩、抱抱、親子互動。

4. 把寶寶放到床上去睡覺。

如果你試著采用這種日常作息，重要的環(huán)節(jié)是注意寶寶的暗示并及時給予回應和靈活的調(diào)節(jié)。比如，喂奶后不久寶寶有可能表現(xiàn)出困倦的跡象。這就意味著現(xiàn)在是時候讓寶寶睡覺了，即使你和寶寶玩的時間不長。

或者，寶寶在玩過后有可能顯現(xiàn)出餓的跡象。這種情況下，就再給寶寶喂一次奶，然后哄寶寶睡覺。寶寶吃飽飽地會睡得更香。

又或者寶寶會時不時會睡一大覺，這也OK。不需要因為喝奶的時間到了而把寶寶中途弄醒喂奶，除非醫(yī)生告訴你這么做。

到了晚上，最好在喂好奶后直接哄寶寶睡覺，而不是讓寶寶玩一會再睡。

新生兒的玩?？赡苤皇前察o地抱抱，或伸伸小胳膊和小腿，或踢踢毯子。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)寶寶玩大概 10-20 分鐘就夠了。有些新生寶寶醒著 1-1?小時后就累了，而有些寶寶喜歡玩的時間要長些。

在不清楚寶寶到底需要什么時

有時很難知道寶寶需要什么。比如，你可能已經(jīng)試過給寶寶喂奶或哄寶寶睡覺，但寶寶還是安靜不下來。如果寶寶在哭，先檢查寶寶是否病了、受傷或不舒服。如果不是，而且寶寶在兩小時內(nèi)吃過奶，那么先嘗試抱抱和安撫就行。比如，你可以試著把寶寶抱在懷里，頭部靠近你的胸膛。用溫暖、愛護和回應的方法與寶寶互動會給她帶來安全感。放心，在她需要的時候抱抱，摟在懷里或和寶寶說話并不會寵壞寶寶的。

Understanding newborn routine needs

It is important to understand newborn routine needs which are sleep, feeds and play. A good way to understand what your newborn is feeling and what they need is to pay attention to baby’s cues and body language. Responding to your baby’s needs helps baby feel secure and builds your relationship.

Most newborns spend most of their time asleep – they sleep about 16 hours in every 24. They’re programmed to sleep in short bursts of about 2-3 hours between feeds, night and day. Also, newborns need to feed every 2-4 hours. And they need your attention during the day and night.

The first few months of your baby’s life is the time to get to know your baby, and learn about your baby’s needs for sleep, feeds, play and settling. You might find that a very simple, flexible routine seems to help your baby, and helps you feel more in control. But this isn’t the time to worry about getting your baby into any kind of rigid routine.

Newborn sleeping, feeding and play: letting your baby lead the routine

With newborn sleeping and feeding, the key is being flexible and following your baby’s lead. Your baby will let you know whether they want to sleep, feed or interact with you – it’s OK to go with whatever feels right at the time. It’s also OK to try to do things in a similar order if that feels right for you and your baby. For example, you could try a simple routine of feed, play, sleep. Here’s what this might look like:

1. Offer your baby a feed when they wake up.

2. Change your baby’s nappy.

3. Talk, play, cuddle and interact with your baby.

4. Put your baby back down for sleep.

If you try this kind of routine, it’s still important to watch your baby’s cues and respond.

For example, your baby might show tired signs soon after a feed. This means that it’s time for your baby to sleep, even if you and baby haven’t had much time to play.

Or your baby might show signs of being hungry after a play. In this situation, just give your baby another feed before settling baby for sleep. Your baby will sleep better with a full tummy.

Or your baby might have an extra-long sleep every now and then. That’s OK too. Unless your doctor or child and family health nurse has told you otherwise, there’s no need to wake your baby for feeds.

And at night, a good option might be settling your baby straight back to sleep after feeds, rather than trying to play.

Newborn play might just be a quiet cuddle or some time stretching out and kicking on a blanket. You might find about 10-20 minutes of play is enough. Some newborn babies get tired after being awake for about 1-1? hours. Some newborns are happy to play for longer than this.

When it’s hard to know what your newborn needs

There are times when it’s hard to know what newborns need. For example, you might have tried feeding or putting your baby down for a sleep, but baby still seems unsettled. If your baby is crying, first check whether baby is sick, hurt or uncomfortable. If not, and if baby has fed in the last two hours, cuddling and comfort are in order. For example, you could try holding your baby in your arms with their head near your chest.

Your newborn will feel safe and secure when you interact with them in warm, loving and responsive ways. You can’t spoil your baby by picking them up, cuddling them or talking to them.

作者：澳大利亞墨爾本大學醫(yī)學院兒科博士

百匯醫(yī)療（中國）兒科醫(yī)師

蔣本然